Using the HOSTS file

FallowEarth · May 9, 2006

Disclaimer: testmy.net and its mods are not responsible for any damage to hardware, software, systems, or bodily harm if you decided to attempt this.

USING THE HOSTS FILE[/html]

A HOSTS file is used to map an Internet Protocol Address to a device on an IP routable network. When a computer attempts to access a device by name (ie. URL), it will first check the HOSTS file to see if there is an entry for that name (provided that the DNS caching service is enabled on the machine). If the name exists within the HOSTS file, the computer will then contact the associated IP address, bypassing the Domain Name System. If the name does not exist within the HOSTS file, the computer will contact the DNS server to map the name to an IP address.

HOSTS files can be useful for a multitude of different things, from blocking ads, to blocking embedded objects, to redirecting URLs. The purpose of this guide is to explain how to modify the HOSTS file to provide a solution for optimizing and modifying how webpages are displayed on your PC.

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HOSTS FILE LOCATION

The file is titled "HOSTS" and is located:

Windows NT/2000/XP: %SystemRoot%system32driversetc

Windows 95/98/Me: %windir%

Mac OS X: /etc (uses BSD-style hosts file)

Linux and other Unix-like operating systems: /etc

OS/2 and eComStation: "bootdrive":mptnetc

EDITING THE HOSTS FILE[/html]

Here are the standard contents of the HOSTS file:

[code]# Copyright (c) 1993-1999 Microsoft Corp. # # This is a sample HOSTS file used by Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows. # # This file contains the mappings of IP addresses to host names. Each # entry should be kept on an individual line. The IP address should # be placed in the first column followed by the corresponding host name. # The IP address and the host name should be separated by at least one # space. # # Additionally, comments (such as these) may be inserted on individual # lines or following the machine name denoted by a '#' symbol. # # For example: # # 102.54.94.97 rhino.acme.com # source server # 38.25.63.10 x.acme.com # x client host 127.0.0.1 localhost[/code]

You can edit the HOSTS file with notepad in Windows. There are a couple of ways to do this: [b]A)[/b] Browse to the directory which contains the HOSTS file. Right-click the HOSTS file and select "Open" or "Open With..." When a list of programs appears, select Notepad and click OK. [b]

[/b] Using the Run command (start >> run), you can specify for notepad to open the HOSTS file. For example, on Windows 2000/XP, type into run:

[code]notepad %systemroot%system32driversetcHOSTS[/code]

Once you have edited the HOSTS file, you will be able to save it using notepad (File >> save) <hr> [color=red][b]NOTE:[/b][/color] You may want to back up your HOSTS file before editing it. To do this, open the file in notepad. Under [b]File[/b], select [b]Save As[/b]. In the [b]Save as type:[/b] select [b]All Files[/b]. Save the file as [b]HOSTS.bak[/b] in the same directory.

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THE DNS CLIENT SERVICE

When using the HOSTS file in Windows 2000/XP, it is important that your DNS Client service is configured properly. Checking this to see is easy. -From Run, type services.msc -Right-click DNS Client, select Properties -Set Startup type to Automatic -If Service status says stopped, you can click start to enable the service

AD FILTERING[/html] [b]STEP 1:[/b] Obtaining the URL A lot of ads either appear as popups, or are an integrated part of the coding of the site, thus the address does not appear in the address bar of the browser. However, you can still obtain the URL. Internet Explorer: Right-click on the add, and select properties. The address will the shown in the "Address (URL)" field. Firefox: Right-click, select View page info. Under the General tab, the address will be shown in the URL field. [b]STEP 2:[/b] Blocking the URL The loopback (localhost) address is most commonly used to block unwanted content on the Internet. The address is 127.0.0.1. To block an address in the HOSTS file, you add an entry which contains the loopback address, and the URL for the site. For example, an entry would be: 127.0.0.1 ad.doubleclick.net The HOSTS file becomes:

[code]# Copyright (c) 1993-1999 Microsoft Corp. # # This is a sample HOSTS file used by Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows. # # This file contains the mappings of IP addresses to host names. Each # entry should be kept on an individual line. The IP address should # be placed in the first column followed by the corresponding host name. # The IP address and the host name should be separated by at least one # space. # # Additionally, comments (such as these) may be inserted on individual # lines or following the machine name denoted by a '#' symbol. # # For example: # # 102.54.94.97 rhino.acme.com # source server # 38.25.63.10 x.acme.com # x client host 127.0.0.1 localhost 127.0.0.1 ad.doubleclick.net[/code]

After you've made the entry, save the file and close notepad.

[b]NOTE: It may take up to 5 minutes for HOSTS file changes to take effect[/b]

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HOSTS FILE TIPS

You can set a URL to any IP address (does not have to be 127.0.0.1). This can be useful if you need to redirect a certain site when it is being accessed on your computer. You just need to obtain the IP address to redirect to. For example, you might redirect testmy.com to testmy.net:

67.18.179.85 testmy.com

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You can increase the security of your HOSTS file by making it "Read-only." This may prevent pests and malicious code from altering this file. To do this:

-right-click the HOSTS file, select Properties

-In the Attributes part, click Read-only

-click Apply, click OK

Just be sure to remove the attribute before you attempt to make a change yourself, and put it back when you are finished.

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Do not let your HOSTS file get to be too big, as it may eventually slow down your PC. I have seen documentation which states that anything over 135 KB may be too large, but I have no trouble with a HOSTS file that size. I would say that anything exceeding 256 KB may be getting a little large, and you may need to revise your entries.

RELATED UTILITIES[/html]

Some anti-spyware programs have HOSTS file protection. Here are a few, with links:

Windows Defender

SpyBot Search & Destroy

SpywareBlaster

WinPatrol

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